Preclinical anti-apoptotic properties of salidroside for hypoxic-ischemic cerebral damage: a systematic review and meta-analysis / 数字中医药（英文）

@#【Objective】   As the main active ingredient of Tibetan medicine Hongjingtian (Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma), salidroside (Sal) has a good anti-apoptotic potential. Currently, there are some conflicting results on the anti-apoptotic mechanisms of Sal. Here we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide the preclinical evidence of its anti-apoptotic properties in preventing and treating hypoxic-ischemic cerebral damage(HICD). 【Methods】   The literature on the anti-apoptotic potential of Sal in the treatment of HICD from January 1, 1980 to November 9, 2021 was searched online using Chinese databases including Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and Wanfang Database, and English databases including PubMed and Web of Science. The quality of the included articles was evaluated by the Cochrane Collaboration network bias risk assessment criteria, and meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. 【Results】  A total of 40 articles were finally included. Among the 40 articles, 30 were about in vivo animal experiments and 17 about in vitro cell experiments, and 7 of them included both animal and cell experiments. After analysis, it was found that Sal had significant effects on disease-related indicators of HICD (P < 0.05), such as cerebral infarctsize and brain water content. As to in vivo studies, Sal mainly affects the expressions of apoptotic factors through antiinflammation, anti-oxidation, activation of complement pathway, and regulation of signal transduction and autophagy, thus exerting anti-apoptotic potential in treating HICD. While for in vitro studies, Sal plays the anti-apoptotic role in HICD models mainly through anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, reduction of Ca2+ overload, regulation of mitochondrial function, signal transduction, and C3 complement. 【Conclusion】  Sal can take anti-apoptotic effects to prevent and treat HICD through mechanisms such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, enhanced autophagy, complement and signal transduction, regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduction of Ca2 + overload.

Protective Effect of Alcohol Extract of Phyllanthi Fructus on Silicosis Mice and Its Correlation with Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the effect and underlying mechanism of alcohol extract of Phyllanthi Fructus on silicosis mice induced by silicon dioxide （SiO2）. MethodThirty-six male Kunming mice of SPF grade were randomly divided into a blank group，a model group，high-， medium， and low-dose Phyllanthi Fructus groups （800， 400， 200 mg·kg-1），and a tetrandrine group （0.039 mg·kg-1），with six mice in each group. The silicosis model was induced by static SiO2 exposure in mice except for those in the blank group. After 28 days of administration by gavage，the lung tissues were collected and the organ coefficient was calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE）staining and Masson staining were used to detect the morphology of lung tissues. The content of hydroxyproline （HYP），superoxide dismutase （SOD），malondialdehyde （MDA）， and catalase （CAT） in serum was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Western blot and Real-time polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 （Nrf2），heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1），NAD（P）H：quinone oxidoreductase 1 （NQO1），and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 （Keap1）， respectively. ResultCompared with the blank group，the model group showed seriously damaged morphological structure of lung tissues with inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrous tissue proliferation， reduced serum content of SOD and CAT（P<0.01），increased content of HYP and MDA（P<0.01）， down-regulated protein and mRNA expression of Nrf2，HO-1， and NQO1（P<0.01），and up-regulated protein and mRNA expression of Keap1 （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Compared with the model group，the high- and medium-dose Phyllanthi Fructus groups showed significantly restored morphological structure of lung tissues with reduced collagen deposition， increased serum content of SOD and CAT（P<0.05，P<0.01），decreased content of HYP and MDA（P<0.01）， up-regulated protein and mRNA expression of Nrf2，HO-1， and NQO1 （P<0.05，P<0.01），and down-regulated protein and mRNA expression of Keap1（P<0.05，P<0.01）. ConclusionThe alcohol extract of Phyllanthi Fructus can inhibit pulmonary fibrosis in silicosis mice，and the underlying mechanism may be related to the regulation of the Nrf2/antioxidant response element （ARE） signaling pathway.

Research progress on pharmacological effects of bilirubin nanoparticles / 中国药房

Bilirubin has good anti-inflammatory， antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects， but its poor water solubility and low bioavailability greatly limit its clinical application. Researchers have developed bilirubin into various nanoparticles， which effectively eliminate the limitation of low solubility of bilirubin with the advantage of dosage form， so that they can maximize its pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory， anti-oxidation and immune regulation. Bilirubin nanoparticles have great application potential in a variety of gastrointestinal diseases， liver and kidney diseases， skin diseases， autoimmune diseases， islet transplantation and targeted therapy of tumors （both as a direct anti-tumor drug and as a drug delivery system）. The study of bilirubin nanoparticles will promote the clinical application of bilirubin and the development of related new drugs.

The developments of silicosis drugs / 药学学报

Pneumoconiosis is the most common occupational disease in China, which severely endangers people's health. Depending on the inhaled air pollutants, pneumoconiosis is classified as anthracosis, silicosis, asbestosis, etc., among which silicosis is the most common and serious. Silicosis is a systemic, poor prognostic disease characterized by diffuse fibrosis of lung tissue, which is caused by long-term exposure to dust with high levels of free silicon dioxide (SiO2) in the occupational environment. Appropriate treatment in time is important for the disease. Unfortunately, no effective drugs have been approved to delay or even reverse pulmonary fibrosis caused by SiO2. This review briefly classifies potent therapeutic drugs and compounds in term of mechanisms, providing the probability for clinical treatment of silicosis.

Inhibitory effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine on brain inflammation in mice with periodontitis and Alzheimer’s disease / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To explore the effects of periodontitis on the brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mice and the effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) on the periodontium and the brain of AD mice with experimental chronic periodontitis (CP). 【Methods】 Ten wild-type C57 mice were in the blank control group (Group C57), and another 40 3-month-old APP/PS1 transgenic mice were randomly divided into four groups: AD+CP group, AD+CP+NAC group, AD+NAC group, and AD group. The periodontitis model was established in mice in AD+CP group and AD+CP+NAC group by silk ligation. At the same time, mice in AD+CP+NAC group and AD+NAC group were injected with NAC (200 mg/kg). The height of alveolar bone loss was detected after 3 weeks, and the cell morphology of the hippocampus was observed. We determined the expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome and amyloid-β (Aβ) in the hippocampus as well as the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 in the hippocampus and gums by ELISA. 【Results】 Compared with AD group, the height of alveolar bone loss in AD+CP group was higher (P<0.05), and the expression levels of IL-18 in the gum and IL-1β and NLRP3 in the hippocampus were increased significantly (P<0.05). In addition, compared with AD+CP group, the height of alveolar bone loss in AD+CP+NAC group was reduced significantly (P<0.05), the expression levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the gum were reduced significantly (P<0.05) as well as the expression levels of IL-1β and Aβ in the hippocampus were reduced significantly (P<0.05). Compared with C57 group, the neurons in the hippocampus of AD+CP group were more loose and disordered, and the activation of microglia was increased, while the disarrangement of cells in AD+CP+NAC group was less than that in AD+CP group. 【Conclusion】 Periodontitis can aggravate brain inflammation in AD mice. NAC can effectively reduce alveolar bone resorption in AD mice caused by periodontitis as well as reduce the levels of inflammatory factors in the gum and hippocampus. NAC can effectively reduce the alveolar bone absorption of AD mice caused by periodontitis, reduce the level of inflammatory factors in the gingiva and hippocampus, and reduce the damage of nerve cells in the hippocampus.

Research Progress of HO1 on AntiOxidative Stress Injury of MSC --Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) is widely used in cell therapy because of its high proliferative and multi directional differentiation potential as well as its low immunogenicity. The transplantation of MSC can help the repair of the injured organs, however, the MSC transplanted to the local organs are affected by oxidative stress and lead to premature aging or apoptosis. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) is a key ratelimiting enzyme in the process of heme metabolism, which has the functions of antiinflammation, antioxidation, antiapoptosis, antiaging, reducing cell damage and promoting angiogenesis. Induced high expression of HO1 in MSC could increase the ability of MSC against oxidative stress injury, delay the senescence and apoptosis of MSC, and alleviate cell injury. In this reviews, the research progress of HO1 on antioxidative stress injury of MSC.

Neuroprotective Effects of Molecular Hydrogen: A Critical Review / 神经科学通报·英文版

Molecular hydrogen (H

Forsythiae Fructus inhibits melanoma growth through activating MAPKs/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and modulating glycerophospholipid metabolism / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE Forsythiae Fructus (Lianqiao) is a typical heat-clearing and detoxicating traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herb, which has been traditionally used for treating cancer according to TCM theory. However, the under?lying mechanism has not been fully explained. METHODS In this study, we investigated the antitumor effect of Forsyth?iae Fructus aqueous extract (FAE) on B16-F10 melanoma. RESULTS FAE strongly inhibited the tumor growth and metastasis formation in B16-F10 melanoma transplanted mice. The survival time of tumor-bearing mice was also signifi?cantly prolonged by FAE. The levels of ROS, MDA, TNF-α and IL-6 decreased, while GSH increased in the FAE treat?ment group, indicating FAE possesses strong anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activity. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that antioxidant proteins Nrf2 and HO-1, tumor suppressors P53 and p-PTEN, and the MAPK pathways in tumor tissues were upregulated by FAE treatment. Serum metabolomics analysis further uncovered that 17 metabolites mostly involving in glycerophospholipid metabolism were correlated with the antitumor effect of FAE. Notably, several lysophosphatidylcholines (LysoPCs) significantly decreased in tumor model group, while FAE treatment restored the changes of these phospholipids to about normal condition. LysoPC acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) and autotaxin (ATX) highly expressed in melanoma and markedly downregulated by FAE were believed to be responsible for this modulation. CONCLUSION FAE exhibites strong antitumor activity against B16-F10 melanoma through activating MAPKs/Nrf2/HO-1 mediated anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation and modulating glycerophospholipid metabolism via downregulating LPCAT1 and ATX. Besides, it is suggested that serum LysoPCs could be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prog?nosis of melanoma.

Research advances in active components of traditional Chinese medicine in prevention and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease based on oxidative stress / 临床肝胆病杂志

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifactorial pathological disease. Although the molecular mechanism of the onset of NAFLD has not been fully elucidated, oxidative stress is believed to play a key role in this process and can affect a variety of physiological functions. In recent years, the use of active components of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD has become a research hotspot. This article summarizes the role of active components of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of NAFLD from the perspective of anti-oxidative stress effect, so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.

Synthesis, bioactivity evaluation of dibenzoyl methane halophenols and their interactions with CAV-1 / 药学学报

Caveolin-1 (CAV-1) is related to inflammation, oxidative damage, and immunity. In order to obtain a series of dibenzoylmethane halophenols with strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects targeting CAV-1, twenty-nine target compounds were therefore synthesized by Baker-Ventaraman rearrangement and demethylation reaction, starting from the substituted benzoyl chloride and o-hydroxyacetophenone, and their interactions with CAV-1 were investigated by BLI technique. Their in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties were also evaluated. The results showed that compounds A6, A17, A18, and A29 not only specifically bind to CAV-1, but also present strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. These results suggest that this class of compounds can affect the signaling pathways related to inflammation and oxidative stress by directly acting on CAV-1. In particular, these compounds exhibit the most significantly inhibitory effects on IL-1β and COX-2 release. IL-1β plays a key regulatory role in the development of arthritis. Therefore, it is worth expecting for the application of such compounds in the prevention and treatment of arthritis.

The cellular immunotherapy of integrated photothermal anti-oxidation Pd-Se nanoparticles in inhibition of the macrophage inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis

Reducing the inflammatory response is a major goal in the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Herein, we integrated palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) with selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) and obtained a multiple nanosystem (Pd@Se-HA NPs) that could simultaneously scavenge hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH) and provide a photothermal effect. The Pd@Se-HA NPs were constructed by a simple self-assembly method in which Se NPs were electrostatically bonded to Pd NPs; hyaluronic acid (HA) was linked to the NPs by ester bonding to provide macrophage targeting ability. The experiments show that the combined therapy of eliminating ⋅OH with Se NPs and utilizing PTT with Pd NPs could effectively reduce the inflammatory response in macrophages more effectively than either individual NP treatment. In addition, the outer layer of HA could specifically target the CD44 receptor to enhance the accumulation of Pd@Se NPs at the lesion, further enhancing the therapeutic effect. After treatment for 15 days, the Pd@Se-HA NPs nearly eliminated the inflammatory response in the joints of mice in an induced RA model, and prevented joint damage and degradation.

Explore antioxidant quality markers of Hippophae tibetana based on "dry-method + wet-method" technology / 中国中药杂志

The cross combination of dry-method(network pharmacology analysis) and wet-method(high-resolution mass spectro-metry with antioxidation experiment) was used to predict antioxidant quality markers(Q-markers) of Hippophae tibetana. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS) was developed to rapidly separate and identify the chemical constituents in H. tibetana. Then in DPPH free radicals and superoxide anion scavenging experiment, the antioxidant activity of the four different polar parts with extracts of petroleumether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water was evaluated. Network pharmacology method was used for functional enrichment and pathway analysis to screen antioxidant-related components and preliminarily explain the mechanism of action. On this basis, multi-source information was integrated to predict the antioxidant Q-markers. The results showed that 51 components in H. tibetana were identified, including 18 flavonoids, 14 terpenoids, 6 alkaloids, 4 coumarins and phenylpropanoids, 3 volatile components and 2 polyphenols. The antioxidant capacity of different fractions: ethyl acetate > n-butanol > water > petroleum ether. The medicine mainly acted on PI3 K-Akt and FoxO signaling pathways to perform antioxidant effects through flavonoids such as quercetin, luteolin and kaempferol. According to the results of dry-method and wet-method, quercetin, luteolin and kaempferol, the representatives of poly-hydroxy flavone, may be the antioxidant Q-markers of H. tibetana. In this study, with the antioxidant Q-markers of H. tibetana as an example, an investigation model of predicting Q-marker was discussed based on the ternary system of composition, function and informatics, providing a scientific basis for the establishment of quality evaluation standards for H. tibetana.

Anwulignan alleviates liver damages in exhausted mice by activating NRF2 / 药学学报

Excessive exercise makes the body consume more oxygen and produce excessive free radicals. The increased free radicals lead to oxidative stress injury and dysfunctions in liver tissue. Our previous study showed that Anwulignan, an active monomer in Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils. (Schisandra), had anti-fatigue effects in mice. However, whether Anwulignan has a protective effect on liver damage in exhausted mice and the mechanism underlying remain elusive. An exhaustive swimming mice model was used to study the protective effects of Anwulignan on liver damage. The involvement of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2)/antioxidant responsive element (ARE) antioxidative pathway in Anwulignan-mediated anti-fatigue was analyzed using NRF2 inhibitor ML385 in HepG2 cells treated with H2O2. Animal welfare and experimental process follow the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of Beihua University. Anwulignan significantly lowered serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, reduced liver tissue damages, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT), and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) contents in the livers of exhausted mice, demonstrating a strong antioxidant effect. Furthermore, Anwulignan up-regulated the NRF2/ARE antioxidant pathway in liver tissue, increased B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression, and decreased Bcl-2-like protein 4 (Bax) and caspase3 expression. In HepG2 cells, Anwulignan improved the cell viability and SOD activity, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MDA contents, up-regulated the expression of the NRF2/ARE signaling pathway and Bcl-2, and decreased Bax and caspase3 expression in the cells. Furthermore, pretreated ML385 partly abolished all these effects of Anwulignan. Anwulignan protects the liver from damage in the exhausted mice by its antioxidant effects and related to its activation of the NRF2 pathway.

The molecular mechanism of ginkgolide B regulating the expression of long-chain fatty acid metabolism-related proteins and antioxidant therapy for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease / 药学学报

This study investigated the effects of ginkgolide B on the long-chain fatty acid metabolism-related enzyme protein peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors α (PPARα), long-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD), carnitine palmitoyl transterase-1 (CPT-1), and acyl coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1) expression in the liver of rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). All the animal welfare and experimental procedures are in accordance with the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. After successfully building the rat model of non-alcoholic abnormal liver disease, the rats were divided into the model group, the simvastatin group, and the low-dose, middle-dose, and high-dose groups of ginkgolide B according to random number method, and were given corresponding drug treatment 4 weeks. We detected liver pathological indicators and determined blood lipids, transaminase and anti-oxidation indexes. Western blot and RT-PCR assays were used to detect the protein and mRNA levels of PPARα, LCAD, CPT-1, and ACOX1 in livers. The results showed that: ① the liver histopathology showed that the liver slices of the model group had obvious structural disorder, the nucleus was squeezed, and there were obvious fat vacuoles. The treatment groups improved significantly compared with the model group; ② compared with the normal group, the liver function and blood lipid indexes of the model group increased significantly, while the anti-oxidation indexes decreased significantly. Compared with the model group, each treatment groups were significantly improved; ③ compared with the normal group, the protein and mRNA expression levels of PPARα, ACOX1, CPT-1, and LCAD in the model group were significantly reduced, compared with the model group, those indexes in the treatment groups were significantly up-regulated. This study found that ginkgolide B could regulate the expression of long-chain fatty acid metabolism-related proteins PPARα, ACOX1, CPT-1, and LCAD, meanwhile improve the body's antioxidant capacity, thereby reduce blood lipids, further improve liver function and protect the liver.

Screening of tomato cultivars in cadmium-polluted areas and study on their antioxidant capacity / 生物工程学报

To screen the available tomato pollution-safe cultivar varieties and reduce the potential food safety risks in Cd-polluted areas, the differences of Cd accumulation in different tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) varieties in southern China were studied by soil culture and hydroponic experiments. Firstly, the high and low accumulation varieties were selected from 25 tomato varieties under 2.94 mg/kg Cd stress by soil culture test, and then the responses of high and low accumulation tomato varieties to Cd stress were determined by hydroponic experiments. The results of soil culture test show that under 2.94 mg/kg Cd stress, there were significant differences in plant height, total biomass and yield among 25 tomato cultivars, and the Cd contents of fruits of all 25 tomato cultivars exceeded the highest limit value (0.05 mg/kg) of CAC (Codex alimentarius commission). Through cluster analysis, 7, 4 and 14 varieties accumulating relatively high, medium, and low concentrations of Cd in the fruits were screened, among which the highest, the lowest, and the average Cd contents in the fruits were 3.06 mg/kg DW, 1.47 mg/kg DW, and 2.21 mg/kg DW, respectively. The results of hydroponic experiment show that under the same concentration of Cd stress, Qiantangxuri F1, a high Cd accumulating variety, absorbed Cd faster, accumulated more Cd, used shorter oxidative stress response time and had stronger tolerance to Cd than Zhefen 3053, a low Cd accumulating variety. The typical high and low Cd accumulating varieties can provide a reference for agricultural production in heavy metal polluted areas and the development of molecular-assisted breeding methods of PSC. At present, cultivating low Cd accumulating PSC varieties and dynamic monitoring of Cd contents in tomato fruits are feasible methods in medium and light Cd-polluted areas.

Mechanism of Chinese Medicine Against Sjögren Syndrome： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Sjögren syndrome （SS） is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by immune cell infiltration and progressive destruction of salivary and lacrimal glands. It not only affects the lacrimal and salivary glands， manifested as dry eyes and dry mouth， but also involves heart， lung，kidney，and central nervous system， seriously affecting human physical and mental health. Although western medicine has made extensive and in-depth research on the diagnosis and treatment of this disease in recent years，there is no effective treatment targeting the potential causes. Chinese medicine emphasizes the concept of holism，treatment and prescription formulation based on syndrome differentiation， and effect exertion via multiple targets，multiple levels，and multiple pathways，exhibiting great advantages in the treatment of SS. This paper reviews the mechanisms of Chinese medicine in treating SS from the perspectives of immunity regulation，aquaporin up-regulation， and anti-oxidative stress reported in the related literature，so as to provide more theoretical basis for the research and clinical treatment of SS.

Health-care mechanism and medicine and food resources of invigorating spleen in traditional Chinese medicine / 中草药

According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), spleen and stomach are the most important visceral system to maintain human life and health, and healthy spleen and stomach can help to nourish the primordial qi, so as to maintain sufficient vitality of the body. Therefore, invigorating the spleen plays an important role in the prevention and recovery of human diseases. In this paper, the correlation between the theory of invigorating the spleen of TCM and the function of modern health care was discussed, and the relationship between spleen invigorating and digestive tract protection, immunomodulation, anti-oxidation, relieving physical fatigue, helping to reduce fat and lose weight, improving sleep and other modern health care functions and its mechanism were systematically summarized and analyzed. The mechanism and material basis of important spleen-invigorating Chinese medicinal materials such as Astragalus membranaceus, Poria cocos, Dioscorea opposita, Euryale ferox, Atractylodes macrocephala and Polygonatum sibiricum and classic recipe of invigorating spleen such as Guipi Decoction, Sijunzi Decoction, Buzhong Yiqi Decoction and Lizhong Decoction were briefly reviewed, in order to provide some new ideas and methods for the development and utilization of spleen-invigorating medicine and food resources in TCM and the research and development of TCM health food.

Research progress in Terminalia chebula and its predictive analysis on Q-marker / 中草药

Terminalia chebula is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, which distributed in Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Tibet and etc. T. chebula is widely used in the clinical medicine of Chinese medicine and it plays a significant role in the Mongolian medicine and the Tibetan medicine. The chemical composition of T. chebula is rich and diverse, including phenolic acids, tannins, triterpenoids, aliphatics, flavonoids, volatile oils, amino acids, trace elements, carbohydrates and so on. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that T. chebula extract has many pharmacological activities, such as anti-oxidation, anti-cancer, anti-tumor, detoxification, antibacterial, strong heart, anti-inflammation, immunomodulation, anti-microbial, and promoting bronchial smooth muscle contraction. From the aspects of textual research, chemical composition characteristics, pharmacological action and so on, this paper expounds the research progress of T. chebula. According to the core concept of Q-marker, we predicted and analyzed the quality markers of T. chebula from the aspects of chemical composition characteristics, traditional efficacy, medicinal properties, pharmacokinetics, new clinical use and measurable composition. It provides reference for the quality evaluation of T. chebula.

Review on research progress of chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Ligustrum / 中草药

Ligustrum plants are important ornamental plants and medicinal plants, with important ornamental value and medicinal value. Ligustrum plants are complicated in chemical constituents and extensive pharmacological activities. The review is to present an overview about studies on chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of the Ligustrum plants, which can provide some foundations and references for the further study.

Study on the Antioxidation and Anti-hypoxia Effects of Yuanshen Granule in Normal Mice / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To study the anti-oxidation and an ti-hypoxia effect of Yuanshen granule on normal mice. METHODS ： Totally 800 mice were randomly divided into blank control group ，Yuanshen granule low-dose ，middle-dose and high-dose groups （10，20，40 g/kg）and Hongjingtian oral liquid group （positive control ，2 mL/kg），with 160 mice in each group. Administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically ，once a day ，for consecutive 30 d. Blank control group was given constant volume of normal saline by the same method. At 1st，3rd，7th，14th and 30th day after administration ，8 mice in each group at each time point were randomly selected for anoxia tolerance test under normobaric pressure and decompression ；the contents of MDA and SOD in myocardium and cerebral tissue were measured ；the hemolysis effect of red blood cell induced by H 2O2 was investigated. RESULTS ：Compared with blank control group ，the survival time of anoxia tolerance under normobaric pressure and under decompression （after 7 days of administration ）were prolonged significantly in Yuanshen granule groups （P＜0.05）. The contents of MDA in myocardium and cerebral tissue （after 3 or 7 days of administration ；after 3，7 or 14 days of administration ） were significantly decreased （P＜0.05），and the contents of SOD （after 7，14 or 30 days of administration ；after 7 days of administration）were increased significantly （P＜0.05）；the erythrocyte hemolysis rate （after 3 or 7 days of administration ）was significantly decreased （P＜0.05）. At some time points ，the improvement effect of the above indexes in the Yuanshen granule middle-dose and high-dose groups was significantly better than that of Hongjingtian oral liquid group （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ： Yuanshen granule can effectively prolong the hypoxia tolerance survival time of normal mice ，it has anti-oxidant and anti-hypoxia effects on normal mice ，and the effect of Yuanshen granule middle-dose and high-dose groups is better than that of Hongjingtian oral liquid group.